Nghe sam soi phan mem

Lap trinh vien quoc te Cong ty FPT TP.HCM dang kiem tra phan mem. Anh: N.Huu

Trong cac cong ty san xuat phan mem, quan niem ve QA hien nay van chua thong nhat va bo phan QA con nam lan voi bo phan kiem loi (test) san pham.

Thuc te, QA la cong viec khac biet nhieu so voi test phan mem. Du duoc coi la san pham “chat xam” va high-tech nhung de ra doi mot phan mem tot, quy trinh san xuat phan mem cung khong khac gi so voi viec san xuat mot san pham cu the.

Quan duoc 1, tiet kiem duoc 10

Khai niem QA phan mem bao gom PQA (Process Quality Assurance - bao dam chat luong quy trinh) voi SQA (Software Quality Assurance - bao dam chat luong phan mem).

Tai mot so cong ty o VN, SQA duoc xem nhu viec kiem loi khi san pham da dinh hinh. So khac lai coi SQA la viec kiem tra dau ra trung gian cua san pham, de san pham dat duoc su nhat quan trong qua trinh thuc hien. Du o khia canh nao thi SQA cung la kiem tra truc tiep san pham.

PQA co 2 viec chinh: Mot la xay dung he thong quy trinh cho doanh nghiep (bang cach ung dung nhung quy trinh quan ly san co nhu ISO hay CMM hoac dua tren do xay dung quy trinh chuan cho doanh nghiep). Hai la thuc hien viec giam sat, kiem tra viec thuc hien quy trinh cua tung bo phan, tung du an, tu do tong hop thong tin de dua ra nhung cai tien cho quy trinh hoat dong tot.

Voi cong viec dung nghia nhu tren thi PQA dang la “cua hiem” trong cac cong ty phan mem va cung la dai dien nghe QA.

Doanh nghiep phan mem nao cung hieu rang xay dung duoc mot quy trinh quan ly chat luong tot chinh la cach lam tang loi nhuan hon gap nhieu lan. Trong chi phi ve chat luong san pham, co 3 loai chi phi con: chi phi chan loi (prevention cost); chi phi kiem soat loi (control cost) va chi phi xay ra khi co loi (failure). Theo mot so tai lieu ve quy trinh san xuat phan mem (nhu CMM), 1 dong bo ra cho khau thu nhat se lam giam 10 dong cho khau thu 3, va 1 dong cho khau thu 2 se giam 3 dong cho khau thu 3. Muon lam duoc viec ay, dieu hien nhien phai co nguoi dua quy trinh ay vao thuc te. Nhung de tuyen duoc mot PQA khong phai la dieu don gian.

Chi Le Phan Viet Ha, nhan vien QA Cong ty Phan mem Tinh Van, cho biet: Nhin chung PQA khong doi hoi phai co kien thuc sau ve cong nghe thong tin (CNTT) nhu SQA vi khong lien quan den san pham chinh cua du an phan mem. Tuy nhien, kien thuc cua nguoi lam PQA phai rong va co do sau nhat dinh de hieu het cong viec trong pham vi he thong minh dang quan ly, dac biet la kha nang to chuc, tu duy logic va co he thong. Ngoai ra, ky nang giao tiep va khai thac thong tin cua nhan vien PQA cung quan trong. Trong cong ty co nhieu nguoi, moi nguoi gioi o mot linh vuc khac nhau. PQA can biet khai thac de tan dung nhung thong tin do cho viec xay dung he thong quy trinh.

Nghe thu hut gioi tre

Ba Duong Thi Minh, phu trach nhom QA cua VietSoftware International, cho biet mot nhan vien QA gioi la nguoi hieu biet ve quy trinh o muc sau; kha nang trinh bay, thuyet phuc tot; biet lang nghe, de thay cai gi can dieu chinh thi dieu chinh va cung de thuyet phuc tot hon; ky nang do luong va phan tich so lieu; ky nang lam phan mem (ky nang nay se duoc uu tien cao khi tuyen dung).

Noi nhu vay, khong co nghia la mot sinh vien CNTT hoc tot ra truong co the lam PQA. Trong truong, sinh vien cung duoc day ve cac quy trinh lam phan mem nhung la hoc kieu “cuoi ngua xem hoa”, chi biet lam phan mem phai theo nhung buoc nao. Nhung giua cac buoc do co lien quan voi nhau nhu the nao, can kiem tra ra sao thi ho chua hinh dung duoc. Vi vay, hien nay hau het cac cong ty deu co chuong trinh dao tao rieng cho vi tri nay sau thoi gian tuyen dung.

“Thuong sau mot thang, mot lap trinh vien moi co the bat nhip duoc voi cong viec. Con voi vi tri PQA, thoi gian lam quen it nhat phai hai thang. Boi vi de dao tao ho hieu biet ve he thong, tu duy ve he thong va hieu biet ve mo hinh quan ly chat luong thi khong the trong mot thoi gian ngan. Thong thuong ho cung phai trai qua vai du an lam viec test loi voi muc do kho dan de hinh dung duoc quy trinh, nam bat duoc yeu cau cua du an”, ba Minh cho biet.

Kho khan nhu vay nhung day lai la nghe thu hut duoc gioi nu. Qua khao sat, phan lon PQA tai cac cong ty phan mem hien nay la nu. Dieu nay co le do nghe doi hoi tinh kien nhan va mem deo trong giao tiep. Muc thu nhap cua nghe cung khong he kem cac vi tri khac trong nganh cong nghiep phan mem.

Theo THANH HUYEN - Nguoi Lao Dong