Giu bi mat cac file ca nhan trong Windows Vista
Chi co mot cach de giu cho cac file mot cach bi mat do la ma hoa chung. Encrypting File System (EFS) trong hau het cac the he cua Windows Vista, XP, 2000 ma hoa noi dung cac file va thu muc, lam cho chung tro len kho khan doi voi nhung nguoi muon rinh mo phat hien chung. Chuan bi ma hoa: EFS co trong cac phien ban Windows Vista Business, Enterprise va Ultimate; XP Pro; Windows 2000. XP Home khong co EFS, Vista Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium chi cho phep giai ma – vi vay chi co the doc cac file duoc ma hoa nhung khong the ma hoa chung. De su dung EFS tren mot partition thi partition do phai duoc dinh dang bang he thong file NTFS. Ma hoa yeu cau ban phai su dung mot tai khoan co mat khau duoc bao ve.
Hop ly hoa cac buoc: Ban co the rut ngan qua trinh bang su dung lenh ma hoa Encrypt o menu chuot phai (lenh se thay doi thanh giai ma Decrypt khi kich chuot phai vao file da duoc ma hoa). Cung co the thuc hien dieu nay trong XP bang mot Registry edit nhanh nhung se de dang va an toan hon neu su dung Tweak UI, mot PowerToy mien phi cua Microsoft. Neu da co Tweak UI trong he thong thi ban can phai nang cap no de co duoc phien ban gan day nhat. Khi Tweak UI duoc download, cai dat va chay, chon Explorer trong cua so ben trai, keo cac tuy chon ben phai xuong, sau do ban tich vao Show "Encrypt" on context menu. Nhan OK. Bay gio khi kich chuot phai vao file chua ma hoa ban se thay mot lenh moi Encrypt (hoac Decrypt neu ban chon file da ma hoa). Chon tuy chon do va tra loi bat ky cac yeu cau nao duoc dua ra. Tweak UI khong tuong thich voi Windows Vista. Mac du vay, tien ich TweakVI mien phi cua phan mem Totalidea cho phep ban dieu chinh cac thiet lap cua Vista, cho phep them cac lenh Encrypt/Decrypt vao menu cua no.
Nhan dien cac file duoc ma hoa De co the nhan biet duoc mot cach nhanh chong cac file hay thu muc nao trong he thong cua ban duoc ma hoa (hoac su dung nen NTFS), mo Explorer va chon Tools, Folder Options. Nhan View tab, trong hop thoai Advanced Settings, bao dam phan Show encrypted or compressed NTFS files in color phai duoc chon. Cac muc da ma hoa co mau xanh luc, cac thanh phan nen la mau xanh da troi. Cach khac, neu ban khong muon phat hien ra cac file da ma hoa hay da nen nhu kieu nay thi chi can bo chon tuy chon nay. Nhan OK. Nguoi dung XP Pro va Vista can den meo nay chi khi muon vo hieu hoa hien thi bang mau doi voi cac file va thu muc da duoc ma hoa hay nen, Oses thuc hien dieu do mot cach mac dinh. De mo hop thoai Folder Options trong cua so Explorer cua Vista, nhan Organize, Folder and Search Options.
Cac cho phep khac: De cho nguoi dang su dung he thong co the truy cap vao cac file da ma hoa bang cach chi dinh ten nguoi dung cua ho. Dau tien, nhan chuot phai vao file da ma hoa (khong dung cho thu muc hoac nhieu file) va chon Properties. Trong tab General, nhan Advanced, canh "Encrypt contents to secure data", chon Details. O giua hop thoai do nhan Add de mo hop thoai Select User, hop thoai nay se liet ke danh sach nhung nguoi co chung chi (quyen) (mot loai tai lieu so giup xac nhan tham quyen) tren he thong cua ban. Nguoi dung co the co duoc chung chi bang nhieu cach khac nhau nhung mot trong nhung cach don gian nhat do la ma hoa mot trong cac tai lieu cua chinh ho. (de xem them thong tin chi tiet ve chung chi ban chon Start, Help and Support, danh certificates overview, sau do nhan ). Chon mot nguoi dung tin cay va nhan OK. Luu y rang nut Find User trong hop thoai Select User se khong lam viec tru khi mang cua ban su dung Active Directory, mot dich vu cua Windows giup quan tri vien co the luu va tao thong tin phu hop ve cac doi tuong mang. Vo hieu hoa, khong xoa: Boi cac file da ma hoa duoc lien ket voi ho so nguoi dung, cho nen viec xoa cac ho so se ngan can nhung nguoi nay truy cap vao file da ma hoa cua ho. Vi du: neu mot nhan vien co ten Scott vua roi di nhung co the quay tro lai cong ty thi chung ta nen chi vo hieu hoa thay vi bang xoa toan bo ho so ve anh ta. Trong XP, ban chon Start, Run, type lusrmgr.msc, va nhan . Trong Vista, nhan Start va vao lenh tuong tu vao Start Search. Nhan vao bieu tuong thu muc Users trong phan cua so ben trai va kich dup vao profile cua Scott trong cua so ben phai. Trong tab General, tich vao Account is disabled va nhan OK; khi Scott quay tro lai lam viec chi can bo chon tuy chon nay. Mot so phan mem mien phi Ban co the se can den su bao ve manh hon voi nhung gi EFS cung cap. Tai tien ich mien phi True-Crypt encryption BitLocker cua Vista: Viec ma hoa toan bo o dia cung se lam cho malware kho co the xam nhap duoc vao cac file he thong cua Vista, lam cho he thong file duoc bao ve chac chan hon voi nhung ke rinh mo muon giai ma cac file tren he thong cua ban. Tinh nang BitLocker trong cac phien ban Ultimate va Enterprise cua Vista cho phep ma hoa toan bo partion ma he dieu hanh da cai dat tren do, luu phim ma hoa trong chip Trusted Platform Module (TPM) cua may tinh, hoac tren o dia USB. Khi o dia USB tro nen pho bien va hau het chung ta thieu cac he thong co chip TPM, khi do cac o dia flash thuc su la van de hap dan. Tuy nhien no lai bi vo hieu hoa mot cach mac dinh. De kich hoat tuy chon nay, nhan Start, nhap gpedit.msc vao trong Start Search, va nhan de khoi chay Group Policy Object Editor cua Vista. Trong cua so ben trai, chon Computer Configuration, Administrative Templates, Windows Components, BitLocker Drive Encryption, va kich dup vao Control Panel Setup: Enable advanced startup options. Tiep theo chon Enabled, tich Allow BitLocker without a compatible TPM, va nhan OK. Thoat khoi trinh soan thao.
Bay gio bat cu khi nao ban khoi chay BitLocker Drive Encryption applet trong Control Panel, no se khong giai thich ve viec mat TPM module, vi no se cung cap mot lien ket "Turn on BitLocker" moi. BitLocker yeu cau ban phai khoi dong tu o dia USB, no cung phai co mot partion khong duoc ma hoa. An cac thu muc voi Free Hide Folders
Doi khi cach tot nhat tranh su to mo cua moi nguoi doi voi cac thu muc ca nhan cua ban la giu bi mat ve cac thu muc ve no. Dieu do duoc thuc hien de dang voi Free Hide Folders cua Cleanersoft.com. Chuong trinh nay se cho phep ban lam cho bat ky mot thu muc nao (va cac thu muc con cua no cung voi cac noi dung trong do) an hoan toan voi mot so thao tac. (Chu y trong Windows Vista, chuong trinh nay co the khong lam an hoan toan mot so thu muc nhu cac thu muc nhac va Documents). Free Hide Folders co mat khau duoc bao ve, vi vay se an toan cho du mot nguoi nao do biet ban dang su dung phan mem nay. No cung cho phep ban sao chep du phong cac trang thai an cua thu muc trong truong hop co van de voi he thong. Va mot dieu nua nhu ten no duoc dat, phan mem nay hoan toan duoc mien phi. (Theo QTM/PC World) |
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Viet Bao
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