Cap nhat BIOS bo mach chu
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| Anh: Internet. |
Viec nay co the giai quyet bang cach cap nhat BIOS de BMC nhan dang, tuong thich tot hon voi cac phan cung moi, may tinh hoat dong tot hon. Tuy nhien, viec cap nhat BIOS co nhieu rui ro, may tinh co the khong hoat dong sau khi cap nhat.
Thong tin trong bai viet nay se huong dan tung buoc cac thao tac trong qua trinh cap nhat, tranh nhung rui ro dang tiec co the xay ra.
Truoc het chung ta can tim hieu mot so khai niem lien quan.
Firmware la phan mem luu giu trong bo nho chi doc (ROM), chua cac thu tuc khoi dong, thuc thi mot so lenh vao/ra o muc co ban.
ROM (Read Only Memory – bo nho chi doc) luu tru cac chuong trinh, dong lenh de kiem tra cac thiet bi phan cung cua may truoc khi khoi dong. ROM duoc dung pho bien trong cac thiet bi dien tu. Khac voi RAM (bo nho truy xuat ngau nhien) khong co kha nang luu giu thong tin lau dai, du lieu trong ROM khong mat sau khi tat may tinh hay thiet bi.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System - he thong nhap/xuat co ban) la mot dang firmware, tap hop nhung chuong trinh nho duoc luu trong ROM (con goi la BIOS ROM) tren BMC dung de kiem tra, quan ly tat ca phan cung (ke ca thiet bi ngoai vi) cua he thong.
Sau khi thuc hien qua trinh tu kiem tra (Power On Self Test - POST) ban dau, BIOS se tim Master Boot Record (MBR) cua thiet bi luu tru va khoi dong he dieu hanh; trao quyen dieu khien he thong cho he dieu hanh, ket thuc nhiem vu cua minh. Ban co the tim hieu them thong tin ve BIOS trong bai "Basic Input/Output System, ID: A0106_61".
Chip CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) la mot thanh phan cua BIOS, cung cap thong tin ve cac phan cung cua he thong va nhung thiet lap tuy chon cua nguoi dung (thong qua CMOS Setup). BIOS su dung nhung thong tin nay trong qua trinh khoi dong. De khong mat thong tin luu tru, chip CMOS phai duoc nuoi bang pin, con goi la pin CMOS.
Trong cac may tinh the he dau tien, ROM chua BIOS thuong duoc "han chet" vao BMC va khong co kha nang ghi lai. Neu muon nang cap, ban phai thay ROM moi - viec ma nguoi dung thong thuong kho thuc hien duoc. Voi nhung cai tien ve cong nghe bo nho, hien nay nguoi dung co the ghi xoa de dang voi PROM (programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) hay con goi la FlashROM.
Tai sao can cap nhat BIOS?
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| Tham khao kha nang ho tro phan cung moi tai day . |
Trong bai viet nay chung ta se tien hanh cap nhat BIOS tren BMC Asus P5L-VM 1394 o che do MS-DOS. Ly do: bi thong bao loi "Intel CPU uCode Loading Error" khi su dung BXL Core 2 Duo (tru dong E6300, E6400) tren BMC nay.
Chuan bi
Truoc tien, ban can xac dinh chinh xac ten BMC. Co the xem thong tin o man hinh dau tien khi khoi dong may hoac dung phan mem xem thong tin he thong nhu CPU-Z . Neu thich "tay may", hay mo thung may, tim dong "mode number" in tren BMC de kiem tra.
- Kiem tra phien ban BIOS dang su dung o man hinh dau tien khi khoi dong may hoac trong BIOS Setup.
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| Truy cap website nha san xuat, chon BIOS trong muc Download de tim cac phien ban BIOS moi. |
- Tai ve phien ban moi nhat (0903) dua theo version hoac ngay cap nhat. Luu y: tranh chon nhung phien ban beta (chua chinh thuc), ban co the gap rac roi sau khi cap nhat.
- Tiep theo, tai ve cong cu cap nhat BIOS (neu dia CD di kem BMC khong co cong cu nay). Chon muc BIOS Utility va tai ve cong cu AFUDOS v2.21 danh cho BIOS cua AMI.
- Ghi lai nhung thiet lap trong BIOS dang su dung do viec cap nhat phien ban moi se xoa het cac thiet lap cu. Co the bo qua buoc nay neu ban hieu y nghia cac thiet lap.
Cap nhat
- Tao dia mem khoi dong. Trong Windows Explorer, nhan phai chuot tren o dia A, chon Format. Danh dau tuy chon Create an MS-DOS startup disk truoc khi chon Start (hinh 3). Chi giu cac tap tin khoi dong, xoa cac tap tin khong can thiet.
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| Danh dau tuy chon Create an MS-DOS startup disk truoc khi chon Start. |
- Khoi dong may bang dia mem nay. Trong truong hop can thiet, ban can thiet lap lai BIOS cho may tinh khoi dong tu o dia mem.
- O giao dien MS-DOS, go dong lenh "afudos /i0903.rom" voi 0903.rom la phien ban BIOS moi.
- Ket thuc qua trinh cap nhat, ban se nhan duoc thong bao hoan tat qua trinh nang cap va quay tro lai man hinh MS-DOS (hinh 4).
- Lay dia mem khoi o dia va khoi dong lai may. Vao BIOS Setup kiem tra phien ban moi va thiet lap cac thong so can thiet.
Luu y
- Cap nhat BIOS la viec lam mao hiem. Neu may tinh dang hoat dong on dinh, ban khong nen cap nhat BIOS vi co the gap rac roi.
- Trong qua trinh cap nhat, ban se nhan duoc thong bao hoi co luu phien ban BIOS hien tai khong. Nen chon luu lai phien ban hien tai de phong khi can phuc hoi.
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- Nen su dung bo luu dien (UPS) de qua trinh cap nhat khong bi gian doan. Cup dien hay may tinh khoi dong lai bat chot se lam hong BIOS.
- Mot so BMC co ho tro "bootblock" de khoi phuc BIOS khi BIOS bi hong hoac loi do cap nhat gian doan. Ngoai ra, mot so BMC doi moi su dung su dung 2 BIOS cho phep ban khoi phuc BIOS (phien ban cu) khi gap su co. Neu BMC khong co nhung tinh nang tren, ban can dem BMC den noi ban hoac nha phan phoi san pham de nap lai BIOS.
- Trong khoang 3 nam tro lai day, viec cap nhat BIOS da tro nen de dang hon. Nhieu hang san xuat BMC cung cap trinh cap nhat BIOS chay trong moi truong Windows (nhu Asus, Intel...). Qua trinh cap nhat co kiem tra phien ban BIOS xem co phu hop voi BMC cua ban hay khong.
Theo DONG QUAN - PCWorld VN
