Khong luc My voi chuong trinh dai ton kem F22
Duoc xem la chien dau co toi tan nhat the gioi hien nay, F-22 “Raptor” duoc ky vong se tro thanh xuong song cua khong luc My. Tuy nhien, tuong lai cua chuong trinh san xuat may bay bac ti nay hien phu thuoc vao lua chon cua nguoi Nhat.
Chim an thit
F-22 “Raptor” ban dau duoc thiet ke de tro thanh may bay tiem kich gianh uu the tren khong truoc khong quan Lien Xo. Sau qua trinh phat trien dai hoi, F-22 voi biet danh “Chim an thit” (Raptor) khong con la mot may bay tiem kich don thuan nua. Ngoai cac phuong tien khong chien, no con duoc trang bi de thuc hien cac nhiem vu tan cong mat dat, chien tranh dien tu va do tham.
Chuong trinh phat trien may bay chien dau the he thu nam cua My cho ra doi chiec YF-22, bay thu nghiem vao nam 1990. Muc tieu cua chuong trinh la tim giai phap thay the chien dau co F-15 Eagle va nham doi choi voi cac loai may bay chien dau tan tien cua Lien Xo thoi bay gio nhu Su-27. Sau hang loat thu nghiem, cuoi cung nguoi My da tim duoc san pham ung y, do la chiec F-22 “Raptor”, bay thu lan dau vao nam 1997. Den thang 12/2005, chiec F-22 dau tien duoc giao cho khong luc My, danh dau su xuat hien chinh thuc cua the he chien dau co thu nam. Theo website quan su AirForceLink.com thi tinh den giua nam 2007, 91 chiec F-22 da duoc khong quan My dua vao su dung.
Chinh sach bao mat thong tin cua My khien viec so sanh F-22 voi cac loai may bay khac rat kho nhung nhieu nguon tin khang dinh “Chim an thit” la may bay chien dau hieu qua nhat the gioi. Nam 2004, trong bao cao cua Vien Chinh sach chien luoc Australia , tuong Khong quan Angus Houston tuyen bo rang “F-22 se tro thanh may bay chien dau noi bat nhat”. Con theo website quan su GlobalSecurity.com, vao thang 3/2005, Tham muu truong Khong luc My John Jumper, khi ay la nguoi duy nhat tung lai ca Eurofighter Typhoon cua chau Au va F-22, da noi rang: “Chiec Eurofighter Typhoon vua nhanh nhen, vua tinh vi, nhung van kho sanh voi F-22”.
Sau mot cuoc dien tap voi 8 chiec F-22 tai Nevada vao thang 11/2005, trung ta Jim Hecker, chi huy phi doi may bay chien dau so 27 tai Can cu Khong quan Langley, Virginia, binh luan: “Chung toi da tieu diet 33 chiec F-15C ma khong he chiu mot thiet hai nao. Ho khong he nhin thay chung toi”. Tuyen bo cua Hecker cho thay phan nao kha nang qua mat radar doi phuong cua F-22. Thang 6/2006, trong mot cuoc tap tran o Alaska, mot chiec F-22A da dat ty le tieu diet 144/0 truoc nhung chiec F-15, F-16 va F/A-18 dong gia Mig-29, Su-30 va cac loai may bay chien dau khac cua Nga.
Chiu trach nhiem phat trien F-22 la Lockheed Martin, tap doan rat noi tieng voi cac loai may bay quan su nhu C-130, F-117, F-16, C-5... Boeing tham gia voi vai tro doi tac chinh; ngoai ra con co mot so nha thau phu khac.
Chuong trinh dai ton kem
Toan bo chuong trinh phat trien F-22 den nay da ngon khoang 70 ti USD. Vao thoi diem giua nam 2006, chi phi san xuat mot chiec F-22 vao khoang 120 trieu USD. Neu cong them ca chi phi nghien cuu thi con so se lon hon nhieu. Thang 4/2006, chi phi toan bo cho moi chiec F-22 duoc Van phong kiem toan Chinh phu My uoc tinh la 361 trieu USD. Chi phi nay phan anh tong chi phi cho chuong trinh F-22 chia cho so luong nhung chiec ma khong quan My du dinh mua. Dieu nay co nghia neu so luong ma khong quan My dat mua cang nhieu thi gia moi chiec F-22 se cang giam. Day cung la van de dau dau.
Khi chuong trinh F-22 moi khoi dong vao thap nien 80 cua the ky truoc, khong quan My du dinh mua 750 chiec. Viec quan doi My muon co nhieu may bay toi tan la dieu de hieu trong thoi Chien tranh lanh, khi ma khong quan Lien Xo khong ngung hien dai hoa. Tuy nhien, cung voi su tan ra cua Lien Xo, nguoi My da mat di doi thu chinh trong cuoc chay dua vu trang. Nhu cau sam may bay hien dai vi the cung giam. The la con so du mua 750 chiec nhanh chong tro thanh di vang.
Tu do co the thay rang du Lau Nam Goc de ngo kha nang mua them, chu khong dung lai o con so 183, nhung kha nang do van rat mo ho. Trong khi Cong ty Lockheed Martin lai can mot loi dam bao chac chan de len ke hoach san xuat, boi lam ra mot chiec may bay khong phai la cong viec cua ngay mot ngay hai. Con trong truong hop Lau Nam Goc chi mua 183 chiec F-22 thoi thi nguoi ta phai tinh den phuong an xuat khau. Boi dung lai o con so 183 cung co nghia la chuong trinh tri gia 70 ti USD ket thuc trong that bai. Hang ngan nhan vien ky thuat cao lam viec cho du an nay tai cac tieu bang Georgia , Texas , California co nguy co that nghiep.
Vi cuu tinh Nhat Ban
Trong hoan canh quan doi My chan chu thi xuat khau duoc xem la loi thoat cho chuong trinh F-22. Tuy nhien, giong nhu nhieu loai chien dau co chien thuat khac trong qua khu, viec xuat khau F-22 da bi chan lai. Quoc hoi My nhieu lan phan doi viec ban “Chim an thit” ra nuoc ngoai. Moi day nhat, de xuat ve xuat khau F-22 da bi Thuong vien bac vao dau nam nay. Tuy nhien, vien canh hang ngan nhan vien ky thuat cao that nghiep da duoc nhung nguoi ung ho xuat khau su dung lam ap luc doi voi Quoc hoi. Nguoi ta hy vong rang som muon gi gioi nghi si cung se mo duong cho F-22 “bay” ra nuoc ngoai.
Toi day, them mot van de nua duoc dat ra: ban F-22 cho ai? Voi kha nang tang hinh va hang loat tinh nang cao cap khac, F-22 la loai vu khi trong mo cua bat cu nuoc nao. Mot chiec F-22 co gia ban khoang 130 trieu USD vao cuoi nam 2006, cach xa mot troi mot vuc so voi nhieu loai may bay chien dau hien dai cua Nga va chau Au. Mua khoang 10 chiec nay se ngon mot ty le phan tram lon trong GDP cua cac quoc gia co nen kinh te hang trung. Tat nhien, the gioi rong lon nay cung co nhieu nuoc du tien de mua mot so luong lon F-22, chang han nhu Nhat Ban, Duc, Anh, Phap, A Rap Xe Ut, An Do, Uc... Tuy nhien, ngay ca khi co nhieu nuoc du tien mua F-22 thi viec chon khach hang cung la bai toan dau dau. My se khong ban loai may bay sieu hien dai nay cho mot quoc gia khong phai la dong minh dac biet than thiet. Vi ly do nay ma Nhat Ban, Anh, Uc... tro thanh khach hang tiem nang hiem hoi cua F-22. Day la nhung nuoc hoi du cac yeu to: dong minh than can va nhieu tien. Tuy nhien, kha nang ban F-22 cho mot dong minh o chau Au da bi loai tru boi nhan to Eurofighter Typhoon, loai may bay chien dau hien dai do mot nhom cuong quoc chau Au lien ket san xuat. Eurofighter Typhoon hien la lua chon hien nhien cua Duc, Anh... va vi the khong ly do gi cac nuoc nay de mat toi “mon do xa xi” cua My.
The nen, trong the gioi rong lon nay, xem ra chi co Nhat va Uc la khach hang tiem nang cua F-22. Hang tin AP cho biet trong cuoc gap thuong dinh voi Tong thong George Bush hoi thang 4/2007, Thu tuong Nhat Shinzo Abe da dua van de mua F-22 ra ban. Qua thuc, sau khi nang Cuc Phong ve thanh Bo Quoc phong, Nhat dang co nhu cau hien dai hoa quan doi rat lon. Doi ngu may bay “co tuoi” cua ho can duoc thay the va F-22 la mon hang ma ho muon. My cung rat hung thu voi viec ban F-22 cho Nhat ma viec dieu F-22 toi cac can cu tai Nhat moi day duoc xem la chieu tiep thi cua My. Dau nam nay, nguoi Nhat da duoc dip man nhan khi 2 chiec F-22 cung 2 chiec F-15 cua My choi tro danh tran gia voi mot dan F-4 va F-15 cua Nhat tren bau troi tai can cu Okinawa. Den day thi van de da ro: nguoi My muon ban F-22 cho Nhat va phia Nhat cung rat thich dong thoi co du tien de mua. Khuc mac con lai la lam sao viec xuat khau nay duoc Quoc hoi My cho phep. Dieu nay dang khien nhieu nguoi len ruot, boi cham chan mot chut thi Nhat co the doi qua mua Eurofighter Typhoon.
Ve truong hop cua Uc, co mot so de xuat mua F-22 thay vi F-35. De xuat nay da duoc Cong dang ung ho trong boi canh chiec F-22 da chung minh duoc nhung kha nang vuot troi trong khi F-35 van dang trong qua trinh phat trien. Tuy nhien, Chinh phu Uc da loai tru viec mua F-22 boi co le no se khong duoc phep xuat khau va khong dap ung cac yeu cau cua Uc. Vien chinh sach chien luoc Uc cho rang F-22 “khong du kha nang da dung va co gia qua cao”. Vi the, Nhat Ban duoc xem la “vi cuu tinh” duy nhat cho F-22 “Raptor”. Theo Do Hung - (TN) |
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