Qua trinh nhiem HIV xay ra nhu the nao

Dap:Cac giai doan cua nhiem HIV bao gom:

1. Giai doan so nhiem (con goi la giai doan nhiem cap). Hau het nguoi bi lay nhiem HIV khong biet minh bi lay nhiem. Sau khi nhiem HIV khoang 2-8 tuan, nguoi bi lay nhiem xuat hien cac trieu chung nhu sot, va mo hoi, met moi, nhuc dau, dau co khop, viem hong, hach co, hach nach sung to, phat ban dang soi, ngua ngoai da. Ngoai ra, co the xuat hien cac benh li than kinh nhu viem mang nao, viem nao… Cac trieu chung cua giai doan nay hoan toan bien mat sau 8-10 ngay. Sau cac bieu hien so nhiem (co hoac khong co trieu chung) khoang 6-12 tuan thi xet nghiem mau co the phat hien thay khang the chong HIV trong huyet thanh.

2. Giai doan nhiem HIV khong trieu chung. Thoi gian nay co the keo dai tu 10-12 nam, nguoi nhiem HIV trong mau nhung khong co bieu hien lam sang. Nhung nguoi nay co ve ngoai khoe manh binh thuong, xet nghiem mau co the thay khang the khang HIV (tru thoi gian dau tu vai tuan den vai thang xet nghiem van am tinh). Do la thoi ki "cua so". Thoi ki nay co the keo dai toi 6 thang. Tien trien nhanh hay cham tuy thuoc vao loai HIV va suc de khang cua co the: Nhiem HIV-1 tien trien nhanh hon nhiem HIV-2; tre duoi 5 tuoi va nguoi tren 50 tuoi cung tien trien nhanh hon.

3. Giai doan benh li hach keo dai. Khoang 1/3 nguoi nhiem HIV co hach to noi toan than, thuong gap o 2 ben, vung co, nach, duoi ham… Cac hach co dac diem la doi xung nhau.

4. Giai doan co hoi chung suy giam mien dich mac phai hay con goi giai doan nhiem HIV chuyen thanh AIDS. Giai doan nay suc de khang cua co the giam di, nguoi benh rat de mac cac benh nhiem khuan nhu: lao, nhiem khuan huyet, viem phoi va nam; sot dai dang khong ro nguyen nhan, nhieu nguoi bi tieu chay man tinh kem theo sut can. Khi vao giai doan AIDS tien trien hay con goi la giai doan cuoi, tinh trang suy giam mien dich nang, se xuat hien cac nhiem khuan co hoi khac nhu viem mang nao, mot so khoi u (nhu Sarcoma Kaposi). Benh nhan se tu vong trong vong tu 1-2 nam.

Nguoi co tat ngu say ma khi bi nguoi khac quan he khong biet gi thi that la hiem. Boi qua trinh giao hop khong chi don thuan xuat phat tu mot phia, tru truong hop bi hiep dam (cung luon bi nguoi khong dong y chong lai buoc doi tuong kia phai dung den vu luc). Nen ban khong lo ngu say ma bi nguoi khac quan he den noi khong biet.

BS Bach Long