Phong thieu mau thieu sat o phu nu mang thai

Thieu mau, thieu sat do dau?

Tai buoi noi chuyen chuyen de “Thieu mau thieu sat va acid folic o phu nu”, do Trung tam Truyen thong - Giao duc suc khoe TP.HCM to chuc, bac si Tran Thi Minh Hanh (Trung tam Dinh duong TP.HCM) cho biet, theo thong ke cua To chuc Y te the gioi (WHO), hien co den 1/3 dan so tren the gioi bi tinh trang thieu mau, tap trung nhieu nhat o phu nu mang thai (voi 50% luong thai phu tren the gioi bi thieu mau, phan lon la o cac nuoc dang phat trien); ke do la tre nho duoi 5 tuoi va lua tuoi hoc sinh. Nguyen nhan gay thieu mau la do co the san xuat te bao hong cau khong du do thieu sat; te bao hong cau bi pha huy; mat mau o phu nu tuoi sinh de, hoac do nhiem giun san lam thieu sat; do thieu cac chat dinh duong de tao mau nhu: acid folic, vitamin B12, vitamin A; do di truyen (benh thalassemia); nhung yeu to lien quan den sinh san (sinh nhieu lan, khong cho con bu...).

Co the co nhieu nguyen nhan gay thieu mau xay ra dong thoi tren mot nguoi. Con thieu sat la tinh trang co the khong the huy dong sat tu nguon du tru, anh huong den viec cung cap sat cho cac mo va giai doan nang se gay thieu mau. Thieu sat thuong la do hau qua cua che do an uong khong du chat sat, do co the tang nhu cau su dung chat sat nhu trong luc mang thai hay cho con bu...

Phong ngua ra sao?

Can da dang hoa bua an, nen chon thuc pham giau chat sat va thuc pham giup hap thu tot chat sat. Sat co nhieu trong gan, thit, ca, trung, dau, rau xanh. Nen biet rang, sat tu nguon thuc pham dong vat se hap thu vao co the tot hon la sat co tu nguon thuc pham thuc vat. Neu bua an co dung kem thuc pham len men (dua chua, dua gia...), hoac dung cac loai trai cay giau vitamin C (cam, buoi, so ri, thom...) de trang mieng, thi se giup viec hap thu chat sat tot hon.

Can luu y, nhung thuc pham uc che viec hap thu chat sat gom: tanin (co trong nuoc tra, ca phe, coca va mot so loai rau co vi chat); phan vo cua cac hat ngu coc... Vi the khong nen uong tra dac, ca phe hay coca sau bua an vi se lam giam su hap thu chat sat.

Chat sat va acid folic rat quan trong doi voi phu nu mang thai, cho con bu va tre nho. Sat khong nhung tham gia vao viec van chuyen oxy den nao, ma con truc tiep tham gia vao su phat trien chuc nang cua nao bo. Thieu sat se lam luong Hemoglolin giam, kha nang cung cap oxy cho cac co quan bi han che, do do, hoat dong the luc va tri oc se bi giam. Thai phu bi thieu sat se tang nguy co sinh non hay tre sinh ra se co luong sat du tru kem... Con thieu hut acid folic la nguyen nhan gay di tat ong than kinh trong qua trinh phat trien cua bao thai (nhu nut dot song) va lam cho doi song cua hong cau ngan hon 120 ngay. Trung tam Dinh duong (TP.HCM) dang xin phep So Y te thanh pho ve viec trien khai khao sat nghien cuu de tai “Thieu mau thieu sat o phu nu mang thai tai TP.HCM”. Truoc day, da co mot cuoc khao sat trong hoc sinh cap 3 tren dia ban TP.HCM vao nam 2004, va ket qua la 15% hoc sinh bi tinh trang thieu mau.

Thanh Tung