Mo trong mau cao cho coi thuong

Chup mach mau de chan doan benh tim mach tai Benh vien Dai hoc Y duoc TP.HCM - Anh: B.V.

Day la loai benh dang ngay cang gia tang theo nhip do phat trien cua xa hoi. Benh khong co bieu hien trieu chung ro ret nhung rat nguy hiem boi nhieu hau quakho luong...

Hau qua kho luong

Theo bac si Tran Trieu Thanh Truc - khoa tim mach Benh vien (BV) cap cuu Trung Vuong - mo (lipid) trong mau cao gom co nguyen nhan nguyen phat: co tinh chat gia dinh (co nguoi trong gia dinh, ho hang bi benh); thu phat: do cac benh khac nhu suy giap, cuong giap, hoi chung than hu, tieu duong, suy tuyen yen, do ruou...

Mot nguoi khi bi mo trong mau thuong khong co trieu chung bieu hien ro ret. Da so benh duoc phat hien tinh co do benh nhan (BN) di kham suc khoe tong quat dinh ky hoac den kham vi trieu chung cua mot benh khac nhu tieu duong, cao huyet ap, hoac dau bung vung thuong vi...

Bac si Thanh Truc cho biet roi loan lipid mau neu khong duoc kiem soat tot se dan den nhieu loai benh nguy hiem. Cu the, khi cac loai lipid co hai tang (tang triglyceride, tang LDL cholesterol) se co su lang dong cac chat nay o thanh mach mau, gay xo vua mach, nghia la thu hep long mach mau. Neu khong dieu tri, lop mo nay ngay cang day len va co the lam tac long mach, hau qua la luong mau khong du de nuoi cac co quan.

Tuy theo vung mach mau bi ton thuong ma co cac bieu hien khac nhau: huyet ap qua cao hay gay tai bien mach mau nao, liet nua nguoi; thieu mau den nuoi co tim gay con dau that nguc, nhoi mau co tim; thieu mau hay tac mach o chan gay dau hieu chan di cach hoi (chan lanh tim dau khi di mot doan, phai ngoi nghi moi bot dau), hoai tu tim den ban chan, ngon chan tuy theo vi tri mach bi tac; viem tuy cap.

An kieng va tap luyen

Bac si Nguyen Thi Hoa - truong khoa dinh duong BV Nhi Dong 1 - cho biet tre em bi beo phi cung bi mo mau tang cao. Nghien cuu cua bac si Nguyen Thi Hoa tren 330 benh nhi (BN) beo phi tu 24 thang den 15 tuoi cho thay co 86,7% tre co ti le mo mau cao. Trong do co 74,3% BN tang tryglyceride cao, 12,3% BN tang cholesterol, 13,9% co LDL cao hon muc binh thuong va 11,7% co HDL thap hon binh thuong. Ngoai ra con co 60,9% BN bi gan nhiem mo.

Bac si Ly Huy Khanh - pho phong ke hoach tong hop BV Cap cuu Trung Vuong - cho biet o cac nuoc phat trien, tu vong nhieu nhat do benh tim (32%) ma chu yeu la do xo vua dong mach. O nuoc ta, xo vua dong mach voi cac bieu hien benh suy vanh, dot tu, nhoi mau co tim, nhoi mau nao... ngay mot gia tang theo nhip do phat trien cua xa hoi.

Nam gioi tren 40 tuoi va phu nu man kinh hoac tren 50 tuoi, nhung nguoi co yeu to nguy co cao nhu hut thuoc la, tang huyet ap, nguoi benh tieu duong, beo phi vung bung, tien su gia dinh co nguoi benh tim mach thi phai thuong xuyen kham benh de phat hien tinh trang tang mo trong mau. Neu khong co yeu to nguy co cao, theo doi toi thieu moi nam nam; neu co yeu to nguy co cao can theo doi moi nam.

Ve dieu tri, theo bac si Thanh Truc, hien tuong tang lipid mau co the dieu tri va kiem soat duoc truoc khi qua muon. Viec dieu chinh nay truoc het phai bat dau tu che do an. Khong nen voi va dung thuoc ngay. Neu bi beo phi thi phai giam can; giam an mo dong vat ma thay vao do nen an dau thuc vat, an nhieu ca, an nhieu rau qua, uong sua dau nanh.

Neu bi tang cholesterol, nen bot an cac loai thuc pham co chua nhieu cholesterol nhu than, oc, gan, trung, bo, tom dong...; han che ruou bia, nhat la khi co tang thanh phan triglyceride. Dong thoi phai tang cuong hoat dong the luc: the duc vua suc, di bo, boi loi. Hoat dong the luc giup tang HDL. Phai tap the duc it nhat 30 phut/ngay, deu dan hang ngay hoac ba lan/tuan.

Neu chi bi roi loan mo mau o muc do nhe va vua, chi can thuc hien che do an kieng co ket hop giam can, khi khong co ket qua thi moi dung thuoc nhung dong thoi van phai duy tri che do an kieng va luyen tap the duc. Moi ba thang kiem tra lai cac gia tri cua lipid mau mot lan.

LE THANH HA ghi