Giu cho trai tim khoe manh

Kiem tra huyet ap thuong xuyen la bien phap phong ngua benh tim mach. Anh: Hoa Vinh

Nhung nam gan day, o cac nuoc cong nghiep phat trien da co nhung thanh tuu dang ke trong cong tac phong ngua benh tim mach. Ty le chet do cac benh tim mach gay ra da giam 20-30% so voi nhung nam 70 cua the ky truoc.

Dat duoc dieu nay la do nguoi dan o cac nuoc nay da co nhung hieu biet va kien thuc nhat dinh trong cong tac phong ngua cac benh tim mach.

O VN, cung voi su bung no cua do thi hoa, su phat trien khoa hoc va cong nghe... da lam thay doi dac diem cuoc song cua nguoi dan: tinh tai it van dong, cang thang than kinh - tam ly va che do an uong thua calo. Dieu nay dan den tang nhanh so luong nguoi bi thua can, beo phi, benh nhan mac cac benh tim mach, ho hap, van dong, benh nhan ung thu. Ty le nguoi mac benh tim mach va ty le chet do cac benh nay dang chiem vi tri so mot.

Nhu chung ta da biet, suc khoe cua con nguoi chu yeu phu thuoc vao chuc nang cua cac he thong tim mach va ho hap, dac biet la he thong tim mach. Do vay cac bien phap nham nang cao chuc nang cua he thong tim mach, phong benh dong vai tro dac biet quan trong. Xin dua ra mot so chi dan giup moi nguoi biet cach bao ve trai tim.

- Khong hut thuoc: Muc do ton thuong cua he thong tim mach ty le thuan voi so luong thuoc hut trong ngay va tham nien hut thuoc. Chat nicotin va khi CO trong khoi thuoc la nguyen nhan gay cac ton thuong he thong tim mach. Nicotin lam tang huyet ap, tang nhip tim do lam co that mach mau; giam luong nuoc tieu duoc bai tiet dan den giu nuoc trong co the.

Chat nicotin va khi CO co tac dung co that mach vanh tim, thuc day su phat trien xo vua dong mach va hinh thanh cac cuc tac nghen o cac mach mau nho nuoi duong co tim. Day la yeu to dan den lam tang nguy co bi chet dot tu do nhoi mau co tim o nhung nguoi hut thuoc la: hut thuoc lam tang nguy co nhoi mau co tim 1,5-6,5 lan, ty le benh mach vanh cao hon 2-3 lan so voi nhung nguoi khong hut thuoc. Neu o nguoi hut thuoc la co benh tang huyet ap hoac benh tieu duong thi nguy co bi nhoi mau co tim con cao hon.

Hut thuoc lam thay doi thanh phan hoa hoc cua mau, gop phan phat trien cac mang xo vua tren thanh dong mach. Nghien cuu o cac nuoc phat trien cho thay, tren 90% benh nhan o do tuoi duoi 45 can phau thuat nong mach vanh la nhung nguoi nghien thuoc la.

Chat nicotin va chat CO chua trong thuoc la cung thuc day su hinh thanh cac cuc tac nghen la nguyen nhan chu yeu gay tai bien mach mau nao.

- Kiem soat ham luong cholesterol mau: Neu ham luong cholesterol mau tang qua 200mg% (200mg/dl) o do tuoi trung nien thi can phai dieu chinh che do an. Cholesterol co nhieu trong cac thuc an co nguon goc dong vat (thit, trung va sua). Mot luong cholesterol nhat dinh rat quan trong doi voi co the, nhung neu co the dung mot luong cholesterol qua muc can thiet thi lai cuc ky co hai - la nguyen nhan gay xo vua dong mach (ham luong binh thuong cua cholesterol trong mau dao dong trong khoang 3,9-5,2mmol/lit).

- Kiem soat ham luong LDH va ty le cholesterol toan phan voi LDH: Ham luong cholesterol trong mau dat cao va pha vo su can bang giua ham luong lipoproteid co trong luong phan tu thap (LDL) va ham luong lipoproteid co trong luong phan tu cao (HDL) - san pham ket hop giua lipid va protein la nguyen nhan chinh trong su phat trien benh vua xo dong mach va cac bieu hien lam sang cua no: ton thuong mach vanh, mach mau nao va mach mau chi duoi.

Cac phan tu lipoproteid co trong luong phan tu cao (HDL) co kha nang hap thu cholesterol o trong mau va van chuyen ve gan de xu ly - do vay o nhung nguoi co ham luong HDL cang cao thi cang it co nguy co mac benh vua xo dong mach. Chi so binh thuong (nguong an toan) cua HDL > 0,9mmol/lit, cua LDL < 3,9mmol/lit.

- Che do dinh duong han che chat beo: Khong an thit mo, can nho rang trong thit nac than da chua toi 10-15% mo; an khong qua 3-4 qua trung/tuan, an cach ngay, vi trong trung co chua nhieu cholesterol.

- Tap luyen cac bai tap ren suc ben thuong xuyen voi lieu luong hop ly: Cac bai tap ren suc ben (di bo suc khoe 5-7 buoi/tuan, 30-60 phut/buoi; chay suc khoe 2-3 buoi/tuan, 20-40 phut/buoi; tap boi 3 buoi/tuan, toc do va thoi gian tap tuy suc) co anh huong tot len toan bo co the, dac biet la len chuc nang cua he thong tim mach thong qua viec:

+ Cai thien tuan hoan va chuyen hoa cua tim (phat trien he thong mao mach, tang du tru glycogen cua co tim...) giup bao ve tim truoc cac stress gay thieu oxy (cang thang than kinh, hoat dong the luc cang thang...).

+ Giam nhip tim, giam huyet ap, tim hoat dong tiet kiem va hieu qua trong trang thai yen tinh cung nhu khi tap luyen.

+ Binh thuong hoa ham luong lipid mau. Tang cuong chuyen hoa lipid, dan den tang khoi luong co bap, giam khoi luong mo trong co the, dieu chinh can nang.

Cac cong trinh nghien cuu cho thay trai tim cua nhung nguoi 60 tuoi tap luyen thuong xuyen hoat dong nhu trai tim cua nguoi 40 tuoi ma khong tap luyen gi. Nhu vay tap luyen ren suc ben co tac dung lam tre hoa co the.

- Kiem tra suc khoe thuong xuyen: Ngoai 40 tuoi can lam cac xet nghiem nhu xac dinh ham luong cholesterol mau (cholesterol toan phan, HDL, LDL); ham luong duong mau; do huyet ap; ghi dien tim, dac biet la dien tim gang suc toi thieu 1 lan/nam.

Theo TS. DANG QUOC BAO - Suc khoe & doi song