Cach dung thuoc khi bi dong vat can con trung dot

Noc ong co the gay soc phan ve.

De giam nguy co nhiem khuan vet thuong do dong vat can, phai xu ly cang som cang tot. Neu de qua 6 gio sau khi bi can, nguy co nhiem khuan rat cao, dac biet voi nguoi cao tuoi va nguoi suy giam mien dich.

Xu ly vet suc vat can

Phai kham va xem xet vet can can than ve do xuyen sau, gan, mach, mo, di vat. Neu can, phai lam cac xet nghiem va chup X-quang.

Vet thuong phai duoc tuoi, tot nhat la xit co ap luc voi nuoc sach nhieu lan de loai ban va loai bot vi khuan va cac mo chet.

De giam nguy co nhiem khuan, vet thuong phai duoc xu ly cang som cang tot. Khong bao gio duoc khau lai ngay ma chi lam sach, bang bo co dinh theo chuc nang, co gang nang cao tay moi luc. Viec dung cac dung dich sat khuan nhu chlorhexidin gluconat, povidon iod, con 70 do la can thiet. Vet thuong co nguy co cao dut khoat phai dung khang sinh lieu cao tu 3 den 5 ngay. Khang sinh tot nhat la amoxicilin clavulanat (augmentin) co pho tac dung rong. Neu di ung voi ho penicilin thi dung cephalosporin nhu cefuroxim hoac doxycyclin.

Vet thuong do nguoi can lai cang nguy hiem hon, vi co the lam lay nhiem cac virus viem gan B, C, HIV, herpes simplex... Voi nhung truong hop nay, can dung vacxin viem gan B, globulin mien dich. Neu co nguy co phoi nhiem HIV thi phai dung du lieu va that som cac thuoc khang HIV hien co. Cung phai xem xet den viec dung vacxin chong uon van cho moi truong hop bi can.

Cac vet can do cho, meo... co the dan den benh dai chet nguoi, ke ca nhung vet cao xuoc hoac nuoc bot len niem mac. Quan trong nhat la phai theo doi tinh trang con vat can. Neu bat duoc, ke ca nhung dong vat hoang da (cao, chon, chuot, doi...) nen giet ngay, dau con vat duoc bao quan lanh, gui den co quan xet nghiem, neu phan ung am tinh thi khong phai tiem phong. Voi dong vat nuoi trong nha, neu khong co bieu hien dai, giu can than theo doi trong 15 ngay, dong vat van binh thuong cung khong phai tiem phong. Neu khong theo doi duoc con vat can, lai dang o thoi ky ro len benh dai thi phai rua sach vet thuong bang nuoc xa phong, khong can khau vet thuong; tiem huyet thanh khang dai va vacxin phong dai.

Ran can

Nguy hiem nhat la cac loai ran doc nhu ho mang, cap nong, cap nia, ran luc va mot so ran bien. Neu bi ran doc can, se co cac bieu hien lo lang, chong mat, roi loan dong mau, tan mau, chay mau, non, mua, tieu chay, roi loan nuoc dien giai, suy than cap, soc.

Khi bi ran can (co the luc do khong biet ran gi), phai goi nguoi khac den giup. Tuc thoi rua ngay bang that nhieu nuoc sach, nan bop va neu can thi mo rong vet thuong. Sat khuan (thuoc nhu tren), neu co than hoat thi cung bang ep vao vet can, bang lai. Dua di cap cuu bang xe cap cuu hoac bang cang. Khong de nguoi benh di hoac chay hoac di xe dap, xe may vi co the truy mach va soc.

Thuoc dac tri ran can gom huyet thanh khang noc ran, thuoc chong uon van, thuoc chua roi loan dong mau, thuoc chong suy than, ho tro tho, thuoc chong phu ne, thuoc giam dau. Truoc khi dung huyet thanh khang noc ran, can thu test. Tuyet doi khong duoc uong ruou.

Vet con trung dot

Noc cac loai chan dot nhu ret, nhen, bo cap... co the la chua chat doc than kinh hoac mot men gay sung phong, ket tap tieu cau, huyet khoi. Chung co the mat dan di hoac gay hoai tu hoac loet. Noc con trung co the gay trieu chung toan than nhu sot, lanh, non, ban da, ngua, vang da, co cung co, dau chuot rut, cung ca mot vung, nhiem khuan.

Khi bi dot, can lam sach vet thuong, chuom da, co nguoi boi voi (ong, kien dot). Uong thuoc giam dau nhu aspirin, paracetamol, piroxicam... va thuoc khang histamin H1 lam diu nhu phenergan, chlorpheniram, diphenhydramin. Doi khi phai dung toi corticosteroid, dapson de cai thien ton thuong da. Viec dan mieng dan co nitroglycerin len vet dot han che duoc co mach, tranh hau qua loet.

Khi bi ong, kien dot, da phong len, rat, dau co the den muc soc phan ve. Chi can 50 con ong, kien lua dot, benh nhan da co the bi phu, met moi, non, u tai, dong mau noi mach rai rac, tieu co van, hoai tu ong than cap. Can nhanh chong dua cap cuu tai benh vien. Neu bi vai con dot thi tranh nan vet dot, nhe nhang lay ngoi, chuom da, tot nhat la boi calamin, kem corticoid nhu cortibion, hydrocortison, betamethason hoac dexamethason, kem chong di ung nhu phenergan, khang histamin H1 lam diu.

Theo DS Pham Thiep
Suc Khoe & Doi Song