|
Chiec may bay khong lo A380 cua Cong ty Airbus S.A.S co nhung biet danh rat keu nhu “Tau cho khach tren khong” va “Superjumbo”. Nhung roi giac mo lam ba chu nganh hang khong dan dung the gioi cua Airbus da bien thanh mot con ac mong. Ba nha lanh dao cua Airbus S.A.S va cong ty me (EADS) xin tu chuc.
Thoi han giao hang bi tri hoan den ba lan, nhieu lenh dat hang bi huy. Trong khi do, kinh dich Boeing thang lon voi chiec Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Chuyen gi da xay ra voi A380?
Cong ty Airbus S.A.S co tru so tai thanh pho Toulouse, Phap, la mot cong ty con cua EADS (mot tap doan hang khong lien chau Au). Airbus hien co 16 co so o bon nuoc Duc, Phap, Anh va Tay Ban Nha, su dung 57.000 nhan cong.
Day chuyen san xuat thanh pham cac dong may bay Airbus dat tai nha may o Toulouse cua Phap va mot nha may khac o Hamburg, Duc. Ngoai ra Airbus con co ba chi nhanh o My, Nhat va Trung Quoc.
Giac mo ba chu
Airbus nghi den chuyen phat trien mot loai may bay khong lo mang ten “Megaliner” tu dau thap nien 1990 nham hai muc dich. Thu nhat, bo sung them mot dong san pham an khach sau cac dong da dung vung tren thi truong la A300, A310, A320, A330 va dong A350, dich thu truc tiep cua Boeing 777 va 787 trong tuong lai. Thu hai, pha vo ach thong tri cua dai kinh dich Boeing tu thap nien 1970 voi Jumbojet Boeing 747, chiec may bay cho khach lon nhat the gioi tinh den thoi diem hien nay.
 |
|
Thu nghiem giai thoat hanh khach thanh cong o Hamburg
|
Theo cac chuyen gia hang khong, thi truong may bay dan dung van con cho cho mot chiec may bay that lon co the cho 600-800 khach. Tuy nhien, phan khuc thi truong nay rat hep, chi chap nhan mot loai ma thoi.
Ngoai Boeing va Airbus, con co hai hang may bay My khac la Lockheed va McDonnell cung tham gia thi truong nay. Hien nay, tren thuc te chi con hai ong lon Airbus va Boeing voi uu the dang nghieng ve Airbus.
Thang 6/1994, Airbus bat dau trien khai du an A3XX, ten ban dau cua chiec A380. Trong khi do, Boeing cung bat dau du an 747X, phien ban mo rong cua chiec 474. Tuy nhien, den thang 1-1997, Boeing tam ngung du an 747X de tap trung vao chiec Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
Tu 1997 den 2000, xay ra cuoc khung hoang tien te o chau A khien thi truong hang khong dan dung tieu dieu. Airbus tuy vay, van deo duoi giac mo A3XX. Tu thiet ke ban dau la hai than (de cho duoc gap doi khach) cac nha thiet ke chon phuong an “mot tret, mot lau”. A3XX phai dat yeu cau giam 15% - 20% chi phi van chuyen so voi chiec Boeing 747-400 la chiec may bay lon nhat the gioi hien nay co the cho duoc 400 khach.
Ngay 19/12/2000, Hoi dong Giam sat cua ban lanh dao moi Airbus S.A.S quyet dinh trien khai chuong trinh san xuat may bay sieu tai A380 sau khi co 6 khach hang dat lenh mua. Lan dau tien, Airbus tu bo dong ten quen thuoc (A300, A320 v.v...) chen con so 8 vao giua.
Ly do thu nhat la con so 8 giong mat cat ngang than may bay hai tang. Ke den, theo tin nguong cua nguoi chau A, con so 8 chi su may man.
Cau truc chiec A380 duoc dinh hinh vao dau nam 2001. Co hai loai A380 duoc Airbus du tru san xuat hang loat de ban ra thi truong. Do la A380-800 co the cho den 853 hanh khach neu bo tri toan ghe hang binh dan (neu chia ba hang ghe, no se cho duoc 525 khach, nhieu hon chiec 747-400 cua Boeing) va chiec A380-800F chuyen cho hang hoa.
A380-800 co the bay mot leo 15.200 km (vi du tuyen bay New York – Hong Kong) voi toc do duong truong la 900 km/gio. Viec che tao hop canh chiec A380 bat dau tu thang gieng nam 2002. Khi hoan tat chiec may bay dau tien, gia ca doi len 11 ti euro.
Mot chiec A380 bay luon o trien lam hang khong Paris lan thu 47 ngay 21/6/2007. Boeing cung tham gia cuoc trien lam nay voi chiec Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
Thu nghiem tot hoan toan
Chiec A380 nguyen mau mang so seri 001 da duoc trinh lang tai thanh pho Toulouse vao ngay 18/1/2005. Chuyen bay thu nghiem dau tien duoc thuc hien vao ngay 27/472005 tai san bay quoc te Blagnac, Toulouse. Chiec may bay nay voi phi hanh doan 6 nguoi, khong cho khach, chi cho 20 tan thiet bi do dac va nuoc.
 |
|
Mot chiec A380 bay luon o trien lam hang khong Paris lan thu 47 ngay 21/6/2007. Boeing cung tham gia cuoc trien lam nay voi chiec Boeing 787 Dreamliner
|
Tiep theo do, no da bay thu cac tuyen duong dai den Singapore, Brisbane-Sydney-Melbourne (Uc), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Dubai (Cac tieu Vuong quoc A Rap Thong nhat) vuot Dai Tay Duong den Colombia va Bac My.
Chuyen bay dau tien cho day du hanh khach da duoc tien hanh vao ngay 4/9/2006. Chuyen bay khoi hanh tu Toulouse cho theo 474 nhan vien cua Airbus.
Tinh den thang 3/2007, da co 9 chiec A380 thuc hien cac chuyen bay xa va 5 chiec khac bay thu 2.900 gio trong so 1.995 chuyen bay. Cac chiec nay da bay den 21 nuoc bao gom cac nuoc chau A, chau Au va chau My.
Tat ca deu dien ra suon se. Chiec A380 duoc gioi chuyen mon danh gia la da duoc thu thach hoan hao.
Ngay 12/12/2006, hai co quan an ninh hang khong lon nhat the gioi la European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) cua chau Au va Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) cua My dong thanh tuyen bo chiec A380 dat tieu chuan bay.
Hon 80 phi cong, trong do co 35 phi cong lai thu cua Cong ty Airbus, da cam lai bay thu. Tat ca deu cong nhan rang no rat de lai. Tham chi ong Jacques Rosay, truong phi cong lai thu cua Airbus, con tuyen bo: “Giong nhu lai xe dap”.
Mot trong nhung cuoc thu nghiem duoc xem la an tuong nhat la cuoc trac nghiem giai thoat hanh khach khi may bay gap nan tren duong bang. Voi kha nang cho den 873 hanh khach va phi hanh doan, Airbus phai chung minh duoc kha nang giai thoat tat ca hanh khach trong thoi gian chua day 80 giay, theo quy dinh cua quoc te.
Mot cuoc thu nghiem nhu the da dien ra xuat sac vao ngay 26/3/2006 trong nha chua may bay san bay Hamburg, Duc. Trong bong toi nhu bung, chi dung cac cua thoat hiem cua mot ben may bay, nguoi ta da dua hon 800 nguoi ra khoi may bay an toan trong thoi gian quy dinh.
Nhu da noi o phan tren, lanh dao Airbus hy vong rang chen con so 8 vao giua day so hieu se mang lai may man cho cong ty. Nhung may man dau khong thay, giac mo A380 da bien thanh mot con ac mong.
Ky 2: Nhung lo hong trong lap trinh
|
