Turbo tang ap dieu khien canh
Truoc day cac loai xe trang bi dong co diesel thuong co kha nang tang toc rat kem. Van de nay da duoc giai quyet voi cong nghe turbo tang ap co the dieu chinh cac ”canh dieu chinh” cua banh turbo, nhu tren mau Hyundai Santa Fe duoc nhap khau moi day. Bai phan tich duoi day se giup ban nam ro hon ve cong nghe nay.
Hien tuong “i turbo tang ap” Voi cac loai xe su dung turbo tang ap truoc day, khi xe chay tai nhe voi so vong tua thap, turbo tang ap chay cam chung, do luu luong khi nho nen tuoc bin quay cham khong khi nen nap khong dang ke. Canh buom ga mo lon khi ban an ban dap ga de tang cong suat va khi do dong co se duoc cung cap them nhieu hon hop va khi thai se thoat ra nhieu hon dan toi banh turbo quay voi toc do cao hon, tang luong khi nap vao dong co. Nhung van de o day la khi dap ga, xe se khong dat cong suat kip thoi nhu y muon, tong thoi gian tre co the nua giay hoac hon. Tat ca cac xe su dung turbo tang ap deu co hien tuong nay va thuong duoc goi la “tinh i cua turbo”. Day la do qua trinh cung cap tre tu khi nguoi lai an ban dap ga toi khi turbo bat dau hoat dong nen khi tang ap cho dong co. No cung bao gom thoi gian can thiet cho bo lam mat trao doi va lam day cac ong dan, khi co su thay doi tu chan khong sang ap suat cao. De giai quyet van de, ngay nay cac nha sang che dua ra mot giai phap la lam xoay cac “canh dieu chinh” cua banh turbo ma khi xa se tac dung vao cac canh nay. Cach khac la dung 2 turbo nho hon thay the cho mot turbo lon (cac dong co dung hai turbo nho hon goi la biturbo hay twinturbo). O day chung toi se trinh bay qua nguyen ly hoat dong cua loai turbo tang ap dieu chinh lam xoay cac “canh dieu chinh” cua turbo duoc ung dung tren xe Hyundai Santa Fe. Turbo tang ap dieu khien canh
Turbo tang ap co the thay doi goc quay cua canh ngay cang duoc su dung rong rai nham giam “suc i turbo” o muc nho nhat. Nguyen ly la lam thay doi goc quay o cac canh dieu chinh cua tuoc bin ma khi xa se dap vao cac canh nay. Dieu nay giup tang ap o toc do thap va giam suc i turbo. Van xa (tranh ap) thi khong can thiet voi turbo tang ap co hinh dang bien doi, viec dich chuyen cac canh se dieu khien toc do va su tang ap cua turbo. Turbo co hinh dang bien doi co ten goi VGT (Variable geometry turbocharger) hay con co goi cach khac la VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbine). Kieu turbo tang ap co hinh dang bien doi nay thuong co mot loat tu 10 toi 15 canh di dong vong quanh dia turbo. ECU se dieu khien mo to buoc tac dong lam xoay cac canh dieu chinh cua turbo cung luc, dieu nay dieu khien toc do turbo tang dan. Do su gia toc lam tang toc luc canh dieu chinh cua turbo, nen tao ra su tang ap luc dau nhanh hon. Khi xe chay tai nhe voi so vong tua thap, ECU dieu khien mo to buoc xoay canh dieu chinh cua turbo, lam mo mot phan canh lam giam su can tro cua khi thai, tranh tao len su nap khong can thiet. Phan trang mo duoc dong khung la hinh anh canh dieu chinh cua turbo chi he mo khi dong co hoat dong o toc do thap.
Hinh duoi la truong hop khi xe chay tai nho, so vong tua may thap, canh dieu chinh cua turbo he mo mot phan cho gio qua. Gio lua qua cac canh dieu chinh ben ngoai toi cac canh cua banh turbo phia trong, lam quay canh turbo.
Phuong phap tang ap turbo nay cho phep dong co co the thay doi luu luong khi nap vao dong co, gia tang cong suat nhanh chong, loai bo suc i turbo nhu tren cac xe su dung turbo thong thuong. Do hoat dong cua turbo tang ap loai VGT o mot khoang nhiet do rat cao nen khi lai xe co su dung turbo VGT ban phai that than trong khi van hanh. Voi cac loai xe su dung turbo tang ap kieu VGT nhu Hyundai Santa Fe...khi xe ban chay o toc do cao hoac chay duong dai, can de cho dong co chay khong tai vai phut truoc khi tat may. Khi xe khoi dong o che do dong co “nguoi”, cac o truc chua boi tron day du, khong nen tat may dot ngot. Nguoi Viet khi su dung xe thuong co thoi quen khong chu y toi chu ky bao duong ma nha san xuat quy dinh, dieu nay se lam tuoi tho xe nhanh chong giam sut. Khi su dung xe ban nen can than tuan thu dung nhung gi ma nha san xuat da huong dan. Hieu Nguyen |
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| Viet Bao |
