Quy hoach treo Mat trai cua quy hoach

Pham viec gi lam hai den nhieu nguoi thi thuong duoc goi la "van nan". Nhu vay, quy hoach cung han la co chuyen hai nguoi - va loai quy hoach nay thuong duoc goi la "quy hoach treo".

Mot khu dat khi lot vao "quy hoach", su dung khong dung voi hien trang cua no, lap tuc phai cho doi de thuc hien quy hoach. Viec cho nay, neu la dat nong nghiep thi it bi anh huong do nguoi dan van tiep tuc canh tac, nhung neu la khu dat dan cu cho giai toa thi cuoc song va quyen loi cua nguoi dan bi anh huong nhieu mat.

"Quy hoach treo" chinh la mat trai cua quy hoach xay dung, ban than viec lap quy hoach khong xoa duoc mat trai nay. Tuy nhien, co nhieu giai phap ve quan ly, cai tao, phat trien do thi co the han che duoc tac dong xau cua "quy hoach treo".

Dan cho dai dai "an cu - lac nghiep"?

Ai cung biet quy hoach la viec sap xep cong viec tuong lai trong khong gian, hay doi voi thanh pho, la dinh huong phat trien khong gian do thi. Viec dinh huong nay mang tinh phap ly, boi khi da dinh huong su dung dat theo mot muc dich nao do thi pham vi dien tich dat duoc dinh huong nay phai giu nguyen hien trang su dung cho toi khi thuc hien quy hoach.

Vi du nhu khi khoanh dinh khu cong nghe cao (quan 9 - TPHCM) hay khu du lich Binh Quoi (Binh Thanh), thi hien trang su dung dat (dat nong nghiep, dan cu nong thon...) phai duoc giu nguyen, khong duoc xay dung bat cu cong trinh nao kien co khac ngoai du an cua khu cong nghe cao hay khu du lich do. Viec giu nguyen hien trang su dung dat de cho thuc hien quy hoach (va nhieu khi khong biet phai cho den bao gio?) duoc moi nguoi goi la "quy hoach treo".

Tat thay cac quy hoach xay dung co tinh "treo" nay deu xuat phat tu ban chat dinh huong cho tuong lai cua quy hoach. Noi cach khac, dong thoi voi viec dinh huong cho tuong lai cua quy hoach da dan den viec giu nguyen hien trang su dung dat, cho thuc hien, dan den "treo". Viec "treo" nay co the la 5 nam, 10 nam, 15 nam hay 20 nam va dai hon the nua la tuy thuoc vao "quy hoach chi tiet" hay "quy hoach chung".

Neu dinh huong cho tuong lai la thuoc tinh can ban "treo" - do cung chinh la thuoc tinh co huu cua quy hoach. Mot ben la thuoc tinh tot, mot ben la thuoc tinh xau mang mat trai.

De dam bao quyen loi cho nguoi dan, cach day gan 10 nam, TPHCM da quy dinh mot so chinh sach nhu cho phep mua ban, sang nhuong bat dong san; cho phep xay dung ban kien co hoac sua chua khong thay doi ket cau nha cua...

Nhung gan 10 nam qua, cac chinh sach nay khong dam bao duoc quyen loi cho nguoi dan vi bat dong san o nhung vung "cho quy hoach" duoc ban, nhung khong co ai mua, hoac duoc mua voi gia qua thap; duoc sua chua hay xay dung ban kien co, nhung biet khi nao se giai toa de dau tu xay dung hoac sua chua? Tham chi o nhieu khu vuc, cac nganh dich vu nhu cap dien, cap nuoc cung khong dam dau tu phuc vu nhan dan vi so khi thuc hien quy hoach se phai do bo, lang phi. Quy hoach di truoc mot buoc se dem lai bo mat do thi khang trang, nhung o nhung noi "cho thuc hien", quy hoach lai tro thanh van nan doi voi nguoi dan.

Chi can xem xet cac loai quy hoach xay dung do thi nhu: quy hoach chung thanh pho va cac quan huyen; quy hoach nganh kinh te ky thuat cua xa hoi; quy hoach chi tiet su dung dat 1/2000; quy hoach chi tiet phan lo 1/500 (tong mat bang du an), cung co the nhan dang duoc 4 loai "quy hoach treo" tuong ung.

Vi du nhu: cac tuyen duong giao thong du phong nhu duong vanh dai 1 tu Tan Son Nhat di Binh Loi, qua Thu Duc, quan 2, TPHCM, lo gioi 60m, hoac du kien mo rong duong nhu duong vanh dai 2 Thu Duc - An Suong - An Lac lai co lo gioi 120m. Hay quy hoach chi tiet 1/2000, dac biet tai nhieu khu dan cu phat trien tu phat truoc day cua TPHCM (quan 6, quan 11, quan 8, quan Tan Binh...), nha lup xup day dac, phai du phong them cac truc duong, du kien xay dung them cac cong trinh cong cong, nhung chua co chu dau tu hoac chua co kinh phi thuc hien.

Cac du an lon da co chu truong dau tu nhung chua co von hoac chua co chu dau tu cu the, trien khai trong thoi gian dai nhu du an Khu do thi Nam Sai Gon, Thu Thiem, Khu du lich Binh Quoi - Thanh Da, cac khu cong nghiep cap thanh pho, cap quan - huyen... Cac du an da co chu truong dau tu nhung thuc hien cham, khong dam bao tien do duoc quy dinh trong du an nhu du an ben song rach Ong Lon (quan 7), du an Mieu Noi phuong 3, quan Binh Thanh, TPHCM...

Han che tinh "treo" cua quy hoach xay dung

Viec han che tac dung xau cua tinh treo trong quy hoach xay dung khong the chi do nhung nguoi lap, xet duyet quy hoach; vi khong the chi bang giai phap cua ban than quy hoach. O TPHCM hien nay van chua co chien luoc phat trien do thi, de han che tinh "treo" cua quy hoach la rat kho khan.

Giai phap khong phai la viec xac dinh cho duoc "lam vao luc nao" roi moi duyet quy hoach. Vi trong thuc te, do thanh pho cung nhu cac linh vuc kinh te - xa hoi deu khong chu dong duoc nguon von, nen neu co dat ra cac moc thoi gian de thuc hien quy hoach cung chi la dat ra quyet tam de "phan dau". Nhung ngay ca khi tra loi duoc cau hoi "lam vao luc nao" cung van chua han che duoc tac dung xau cua viec "cho thuc hien" quy hoach. Trong khi do, khong the khong giu dat de mo them duong, cho cac du an lon, khong the de nguoi dan kho so do cho doi.

Co nhung viec thanh pho co the chu dong lam de han che anh huong xau cua "quy hoach treo". Do la: phai gan muc tieu cai tao phat trien thanh pho voi muc tieu an dan, dam bao quyen loi chinh dang cua nguoi dan chiu anh huong cua quy hoach. Rat can cac chinh sach cu the nhu som tai dinh cu, khoanh dinh pham vi anh huong truc tiep cua quy hoach, co giai phap ve doi song, viec lam; cong bo cac vung cam xay dung dai han trong 10 - 20 nam de on dinh san xuat nong - lam - ngu nghiep.

Nghia la khong nang ve cong bo thoi han thuc hien quy hoach ma nguoc lai, phai cong bo thoi han chua thay doi muc dich su dung dat. Bien phap nay gop phan chong phat trien tran lan, dau co dat; cac du an cong trinh cong cong can som xac dinh chu dau tu hay nguoi co trach nhiem thuc hien du an (de thuc hien cac chinh sach den bu, tai dinh cu va cac chinh sach on dinh doi song cua nhan dan, tung buoc quan ly quy dat danh cho du an); tat ca cac du an dau tu xay dung phai duoc quan ly chat che ve tien do, co bien phap che tai chu dau tu va cac chu the khac co lien quan trong viec khong dam bao tien do thuc hien du an. Dong thoi co che do quan ly chung ve tien do thuc hien cac du an cai tao phat trien thanh pho.

Nghien cuu ky hon ve tai chinh do thi cung la mot giai phap quan trong, nham som co chinh sach huy dong su dong gop cua nhan dan de thuc hien cai tao va phat trien do thi, dac biet doi voi cac tuyen duong da duoc quy hoach, mo rong lo gioi, da quan ly xay dung theo lo gioi quy hoach tu truoc toi nay.

Nhieu du an, cong trinh cong cong can duoc khuyen khich tu nhan dau tu voi su ho tro dac biet cua Nha nuoc, cac cong trinh nay som duoc thuc hien, vua chong duoc quy hoach treo, vua kip thoi phuc vu nhu cau cua nhan dan; cung can som tiep can va thuc hien phuong phap quy hoach chien luoc, xay dung quy hoach chi tiet cho tung quan, huyen cua toan thanh pho. Doi hoi can co su ket hop chat che giua quy hoach, ke hoach, chinh sach, cu the hon nua la giua quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi voi quy hoach xay dung.

(Theo Vneconomy)