Xu ly no xau Rui ro nhieu du phong it
Trich du phong chua tuong xung voi muc do rui ro cua tung khoan vay; co che su dung muc du phong de xu ly no qua chat che vo tinh giup cac ngan hang (NH) co co y lai xu ly no xau.
Trich it, lai nhieu
Theo Quyet dinh (QD) 493/2005 cua NHNN, cac khoan tin dung duoc phan theo 5 nhom no, can cu tung nhom, cac NH phai trich lap du phong rui ro (DPRR). Cu the, nhom 1 (no du tieu chuan) trich 0%, nhom 2 (no can chu y) 5%, nhom 3 (no duoi tieu chuan) 20%, nhom 4 (no nghi ngo) 50% va nhom 5 (no co nguy co mat von) 100%. Ngoai ra, NH con phai trich DPRR chung bang 0,75% tong gia tri cac khoan no.
Nhu vay, DPRR la mot nguon quan trong de cac NH su dung de xu ly no. So tien trich hach toan vao chi phi kinh doanh nen muc trich cang lon, loi nhuan cang giam va nguoc lai, trich it thi loi nhuan nhieu. Mot chuyen gia co uy tin ve linh vuc tai chinh cho biet, muc trich hien nay la qua it trong khi o nhieu quoc gia, bat cu khoan cho vay nao NH cung phai trich du phong 100% gia tri khoan vay do.Ngoai ra, theo QD 493, khi tinh so tien du phong cu the phai trich, cac NH duoc tru di ty le nhat dinh tren gia tri tai san the chap nen so tien thuc te bi giam di rat nhieu. Chuyen gia nay vi du, mot can nha gia tri 10 ti dong, ty le toi da de xac dinh gia tri tai san bao dam la 50%. So tien du phong phai trich bang gia tri cua khoan no tru di gia tri cua tai san dam bao thi ro rang muc trich da giam di mot nua.
“Do la ly do khi thi truong bat dong san dong bang, gia sut giam, nhung khoan no nhom 5 co nguy co mat von khong duoc cac NH phat mai. Vi ban lo va DPRR cung khong du de bu vao. Neu tiep tuc trich, chi phi tang len, loi nhuan cua NH se bi giam xuong. Vi vay, ho khong muon lam dieu do”, chuyen gia nay noi.
“Ne” trach nhiem
Theo QD 493, cac NH chi duoc dung DPRR de xu ly no nhom 5, hoac khi DN giai the, pha san; ca nhan bi chet hay mat tich. Co che nay, duoc tong giam doc mot NH co phan vi nhu viec cac NH dong tien de du phong nhung lai khong the su dung linh hoat de co quyen xu ly no.
The nhung, cac chuyen gia cho rang do chi la cai co. Vi neu co cho thi chua chac cac NH da rao riet, quyet liet “moc” tien tu do ra, vi khi dung dong nao, cac NH phai trich them cho day du DPRR dong do. “Cang trich thi cang lam tang chi phi, giam loi nhuan. Ro rang cac NH co ly do de chan chu va muon giai quyet bang cach khac”, mot chuyen gia tai chinh NH ly giai.
Theo de xuat cua vi chuyen gia nay da den luc NHNN can phai thay doi nhung co che, chinh sach da qua bat cap tai QD 493, vi hien tai quy mo hoat dong cua cac nha bang dang ngay cang mo rong trong khi nhung quy dinh hien nay khong du de dam bao su an toan.
Ngoai ra, nhung quy dinh tren qua nang ve tai san dam bao, trong khi thuc te tieu chuan dau tien dam bao an toan cho mot mon vay chinh la tinh kha thi va hieu qua cua du an do lai chua duoc de cao. Do la chua ke, QD nay da tao co che cho cac NH mai chay theo loi nhuan, quang ba am i thong qua tang von, tang tai san, nhung ket qua cuoi cung la mot co the om yeu voi day ray no xau.
“NH phai chap nhan tang muc trich, giam loi nhuan, chu khong the de nhung khoan no qua nhieu ma khong tu giai quyet, trong khi loi nhuan van dung o muc cao”, nguyen Pho truong Vu Ke toan NHNN chia se va ba cung de xuat them, hien nay ngoai DPRR, theo Nghi dinh 146/2005/ND-CP cac NH phai trich Quy du phong tai chinh chung, muc trich la 10% loi nhuan sau thue, so du toi da cua quy nay khong vuot qua 25% von dieu le cua cac to chuc tin dung.
Tuy nhien, muc trich 10% nay chua tham vao dau doi voi dac thu hoat dong nhieu rui ro cua nganh NH. Vi vay, can thiet phai nang muc nay len it nhat 15%. “No xau ngoai nguyen nhan DN quan tri kem, cung do chinh ban than cac NH cho vay qua nhieu, khong theo quy trinh tin dung. Vi vay, ban than cac co dong NH phai chap nhan giam co tuc de tham gia xu ly no xau, truoc khi mong cho cac giai phap khac”, chuyen gia nay noi them.
